Hello Every Aaj hum aapko computer network ke baare mein batane ja rahe hain. Aapne kabhi socha hai ki aapke computer, smartphone aur internet connection kaise kaam karte hain? Ye sabhi chizen computer network ki madad se judi hoti hain. Isliye, aaj hum ‘Computer Network Kya Hai‘ ke bare mein baat karenge.
Computer network ek aisa system hai jismein alag-alag devices jaise computers, printers, aur servers ek dusre se connect hote hain taaki information aur resources share kiye jaa sakein. Iske saath hi, ye hamare daily life mein bahut important role play karta hai.
Iss Tutorial mein hum computer Network ke kuch criteria ke baare mein bhi baat karenge. To chaliye start karte hain aur jante hain ki computer network kya hai aur iski hamari daily life mein kya ahmiyat (Importance) hai.
Hamari rozana ki Life mein hum internet par browsing karte hain, emails send/receive karte hain, online games khelte hain, online videos dekhte hain, music download karte hain, online courses learn hain, Daily News Paper parhte hain, aur is sab ke liye hum computer ko use karte hain. Lekin kya apne kabhi socha hai ki in sab kaamon ko karne ke liye kisi eik Computer ko Dusre Computer se Connection hona Zaroori Hai? Jise hum computer network kehte hain. Ye computer network wirelessly ya phir kisi wire ki help se connect kiya jata hai. Ek communication medium jo kayi computers ko jodta (Connect) hai, use hum communication channel kehte hain.”
Computer network hamari zindagi ka aham hissa hai jisse hum apni life mein ka Important part smjhte hein. Ye ek aisa jazba hai jo hamare andar shaamil hota hai aur humain doosron se jodta hai. Iske bina hamare liye baat cheet, ilm-o-amal ki suvidha, entertainment, aur dunya se judne ka sabab kam ho jata hai. Isi liye computer network hamari zindagi mein bahut Important hai.
Definition
“Computer network ka matlab hai ke kisi bhi Two or more computers ko aapas mein jodna (connect). Ye joint connection ek network banate hain jis se hum aik computer se doosre computer tak data, information, ya koi bhi content transfer kar sakte hain. Esi tarah se computer network humein baat cheet (Communication), internet, emails, aur doosri online services ki Facility provide krta hay”
“Network ek aisi technology hai jo computer ya mobile devices ko link ki madad se jodta hai aur unmein data transfer karne ki facilitate karta hai.”
Network Criteria
Performance:-
Network ki performance kuch Different Methods se measure ki ja sakti hai, jaise transit time ya phir response time. Network ki performance kayi factors par nirbhar (depend) karti hai jaise ki user ki tadad, transmission medium ki qism, jude hardware ki capabilities, aur software ki performance.
Reliability:-
Network ki reliability ko kai tareeqon se measure kiya jaa sakta hai, jaise failure ki frequency, failure se bounce back hone mein kitna time lagega, disaster ki sthiti mein network ki resilience, jaise ki earthquake, fire, flood, aur theft.
Security:-
Network security bahut hi ahem hai kyunki isme data ko unauthorized access, loss, aur alteration se bachana hota hai. Iske alawa breaches aur data losses se recover karne ke policies aur procedures implement kiye jaane chahiye. Sensitive data ko protect karna bahut hi zaroori hai aur iske liye multiples levels of protection ki zaroorat hoti hai. Lower level case mein user ID codes aur passwords ki madad se data protect kiya jaata hai aur upper-level case mein encryption ka istemal hota hai.
Need of a Computer Network
Computer network ki bunyad resource sharing kay liye hoti hai. Kuch resource sharing kay tareeqay niche diye gaye hain:
File Sharing:-
Computer network kay zariye aik network user files share kar sakta hai. Jaise, agar apko apni university kay exam ki date sheet chahiye ho, to aap university office jana nahi paray ga, balke internet kay zariye file hasil kar sakty hain.
Isi tarha, virtual university kay admission form kay liye apki picture aur bio-data ki zaroorat hoti hai. Wo ye sari files network kay zariye hasil kar sakty hain. Isi liye file sharing aik tareeqa hai kisi task ko mukammal karne ka jaisa kay figure mein dikhaya gaya hai.
For Example, agar apki tamam university teachers computer kay zariye combine result prepare karna chahty hon to wo university network ya internet kay zariye files share kar sakty hain.
Iskay sath hi, dusry Cities or Countries mein rehny walon kay sath bhi file sharing ka tareeqa same hai aur aik buhut helpful hai.
Hardware Sharing:-
Users scanners, printers, hard-disk, CD-ROM drives jaise devices ko share kar sakte hain. Jaise ke office mein computer se zyada printers aur scanners hote hain. Ek network ke zariye in resources ko share karke, cost-effective solution hasil kiya jaa sakta hai.
Application Sharing:-
Applications ko bhi network ke zariye share kiya jaa sakta hai. Iska matlab hai ke ek se zyada users ek hi application ko use kar sakte hain. Misal ke taur par, bank mein manager, cashier, aur automated teller machine users same application ko network ke zariye use karte hain. Jab kisi ek point par bank balance update hota hai, to ye sabhi branches mein immediately update ho jaata hai.
Ek aur misal, account office mein Editor, senior editor, data entry operator, Accounts officer, aur Senior Accounts officer users same application ko network ke zariye use karte hain. Jab salary slips ya payroll ko update kiya jaata hai, to ye sabhi sections of District Account office mein immediately update ho jaate hain.
Single Internet Connection Sharing:-
Ghar ya office mein network use karke, hum ek hi Internet connection ko zyada se zyada users ke saath share kar sakte hain. Jab hum ghar mein network use karte hain, to PTCL se connection kharidte hain, aur agar hamare ghar mein paanch log hote hain, to hum modem se sabhi users ko internet provide kar sakte hain. Is tarah, ek hi Internet connection sabhi users ko internet access provide karta hai.
User Communication:-
Networks users ko newsgroups, email, video online conferencing jaise tareeqon se communicate karne ki ijazat dete hain. Is tarah, kayi logon ke saath alag alag jagah baithe hue communication mumkin ho jaata hai.
Misal ke taur par, video conference mein audio-video signals ko different locations ke users ke zariye receive aur transmit kiya jaata hai. Main aapko ek bahut acchi misal deta hun, jahan Covid-19 ke dauran, jab lockdown tha, to teachers apne ghar se Skype ke.
Types of Computer Network
Computer network yeh ek tarah ka connection hai jis mein Two or More computers ek dusre ke saath connect hotay hain jisse wo files and resources share kar saktay hain aur communication bhi kar saktay hain.
Geographical distance ke basis pe, computer networks kuch types mein categorize kiye jatay hain:
Local Area Network (LAN):
Yeh ek choti si network hai jo aam taur pe ek building mein hoti hai jaise ek office, school ya hospital.
Local Area Network (LAN), yeh aik very famous aur limited network hai jo computer aur dusre electronic devices ko jor kar aik limited Physical area mein kaam karta hai jaisay kisi office, university, school, ya society mein.
Is technology ka istemal Ethernet se kiya jata hai aur iski range 1 se 5 kilometer tak hoti hai. Transmission speed high hoti hai, iski ownership private hoti hai aur iska maintenance moderate hota hai.
LAN aasani se troubleshoot kiya ja sakta hai aur bus ring topology commonly used hoti hai. Iski technology Ethernet aur Wi-Fi dono use hoti hain. Agar apka office building se limit mein hai to iska range 2 kilometer tak hai. Iski transmission speed bohat high hoti hai aur iska malfunction rate low hai. Iski cost bhi low hoti hai, jisse aap asani se afford kar sakte hain.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
Yeh network bohat bara hota hai aur kai cities ya countries mein phaila hota hai. Internet bhi ek tarah ka WAN hai.
Ek wide area network (WAN) aik bada computer network hai jo aik baray geographical region ko cover karta hai, jaise ke aik province se dosray province, state se dosray state, mulk se dosray mulk ya phir puri duniya tak. Aik bohat relevant example WAN network ka hai, woh hai Internet. Hum yeh bhi keh sakte hain ke Internet sab se bara WAN network hai.
Kai Local Area Networks (LANs) Metropolitan area Networks (MANs) se jor kar Wide Area networks (WANs) banate hain. WAN countries or world tak phaila hota hai aur iski coverage area dusre sab networks se zyada hoti hai.
- Wide Area Network > Local Area Network
- Wide Area Network > Metropolitan Area Network
- Isi tarah, WAN sab se bara computer network hai.
WAN mulk, continent ya puri duniya tak phail sakta hai. Lumbi doori ki data traffic ko logo ko network ki madad se alag-alag countries mein connect hona hota hai.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Yeh network ek city ya metropolitan area mein hota hai jaise ek university ya college.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), jo keh shehar ya bara campus jaisay kisi bari jaga mein use hone wala network hai. MAN ki ye khaasiyat hoti hai keh ye aik Local Area Network ko extend karne ke liye istemaal kiya jata hai, lekin ye aik shehar ya campus ke darmiyaan phela hota hai.
Is network mein kai Local Area Network ko jor kar ek bada MAN banaya jata hai jis ki size wide area network aur local area network ke darmiyaan hoti hai. Ye khaas taur par high-speed connections ke liye design kiya jata hai.
Personal Area Network (PAN):
Yeh ek bohat chota network hota hai jo ek user ki personal use ke liye hota hai jaise ek Bluetooth keyboard, headphones, printer, TV remote, etc.
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Yeh network ek campus ya ek university mein hota hai aur multiple buildings aur departments ko connect karta hai.
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